Protective Effect of Mormodica balsamina Leaf Extract on the Gastric Morphology of Experimental Rats Against Ethanol Induced Gastric Ulcers / Efecto Protector de los Extractos de Hojas de Mormodica balsamina en la Morfología Gástrica de Ratas Experimentales Contra Úlceras Gástricas Inducidas por Etanol

SUMMARY: Mormodica balsamina is a valuable medicinal plant that is used to treat wounds and inflammation; its leaves are also used as an antibiotic and in the treatment of stomach pain. This study was conducted to determine the anti-ulcer activity of methanolic leaf extract of Mormodica balsamina on ethanol-induced ulcer in albino rats. A total of 32 rats were used for the study. Groups I and II served as the baseline and negative controls respectively, while groups III-VII served as the test groups. Group I was untreated, while group II received 1ml/kg body weight of the vehicle (2 % DMSO). Three test groups (III - V) received methanol extracts (75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg/kg body weight respectively) while the other three test groups (VI - VIII) received aqueous extracts (75 mg, 150mg, 300 mg/kg body weight respectively) via oral gavage for seven days prior to ulcer induction. The rats were sacrificed, stomachs excised and ulcers scored. Histological sections were produced and examined. Findings revealed that M. balsamina extracts protected the rats' gastric epithelia from ethanol induced ulceration to varying degree with the high dose (150 and 300 mg/kg) of both extracts offering the best preservation (42 % and 50 % ulcer protective index respectively) when compared to untreated animals. Histological findings correlated with calculated ulcer indices, with treated animals having less severe gastric mucosal lesions. In conclusion, extracts of M. balsamina may possess reasonable antiulcer activities in rats against ethanol induced gastric ulcer.

Mormodica balsamina es una valiosa planta medicinal que se utiliza para tratar heridas e inflamaciones; sus hojas también se utilizan como antibiótico y en el tratamiento del dolor de estómago. Este estudio se realizó para determinar la actividad antiulcerosa del extracto metanólico de hojas de Mormodica balsamina sobre la úlcera inducida por etanol en ratas albinas. Se utilizaron un total de 32 ratas para el estudio. Los grupos I y II sirvieron como referencia y controles negativos respectivamente, mientras que los grupos III-VII sirvieron como grupos de prueba. El grupo I no se trató, mientras que el grupo II recibió 1 ml/kg de peso corporal del vehículo (2% de DMSO). Tres grupos de prueba (III - V) recibieron extractos de metanol (75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg/ kg de peso corporal respectivamente) mientras que los otros tres grupos de prueba (VI - VIII) recibieron extractos acuosos (75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg/kg de peso corporal respectivamente) por sonda oral durante siete días antes de la inducción de la úlcera. Se sacrificaron las ratas, se extirparon los estómagos y se puntuaron las úlceras. Se realizaron y examinaron secciones histológicas. Los resultados revelaron que los extractos de M. balsamina protegieron el epitelio gástrico de las ratas de la ulceración inducida por etanol en diversos grados, y la dosis alta (150 y 300 mg/kg) de ambos extractos ofreció la mejor conservación (42 % y 50 % de índice de protección contra úlceras, respectivamente) en comparación con los animales no tratados. Los hallazgos histológicos se correlacionaron con los índices de úlcera calculados, y los animales tratados tenían lesiones de la mucosa gástrica menos graves. En extractos de M. balsamina puede poseer actividades antiulcerosas razonables en ratas contra la úlcera gástrica inducida por etanol.

The Protective Effect of Lercanidipine on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats

Abstract Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are among the aggressive factors causing gastric ulcer. They cause oxidative damage in the gastric tissue and lead to intracellular calcium deposition. Lercanidipine is a calcium channel blocker derived from the third generation dihydropyridine. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of lercanidipine on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers. A total of 24 albino Wistar male rats were divided into four groups; those who received indomethacin 25 mg/kg (IND), 5 mg mg/kg lercanidipine +25 mg/kg indomethacin (LC-5), 10 mg/kg lercanidipine+25mg/kg indomethacin (LC-10) and healthy rats who received 0.5 mL distilled water. Six hours after the application of indomethacin, the animals were sacrificed by high dose thiopental sodium. The stomachs of the animals were excised to perform a macroscopic analysis and the ulcerous region was measured on millimeter paper. All the stomachs were subjected to a biochemical analysis. Macroscopic analysis revealed hyperaemia on the gastric surface of the indomethacin group. Ulcerous tissues formed by oval, circular or irregular mucosal defects in varying diameters and depths were observed on the whole surface of the stomach. Hyperaemia was lower and ulcerous region was smaller in groups LC-5 and LC-10 compared to IND group. Malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels were significantly lower and total glutathione and cyclooxygenase-1 activity were higher in groups LC-5 and LC-10. Lercanidipine did not change the cyclooxygenase-2 activity. Lercanidipine in doses 10 mg/kg is more effective compared to 5 mg/kg. Lercanidipinine can be useful in the treatment of NSAID-induced gastric damage.

Perfil fitoquímico e atividade gastroprotetora dos frutos de Eugenia mattosii / Phytochemical profile and gastroprotective activity of eugenia mattosii fruits

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Extracts obtained from plants and fruits provide a relatively safe and practical alternative for the conventional medicine of gastrointestinal diseases. The specie Eugenia mattosii, popularly known in Brazil as "cerejinha", belongs to Myrtaceae family. Species of this family present pharmacological properties, and can be used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical profile and evaluate the gastroprotective activity of Eugenia mattosii fruits. METHODS: Phytochemical analysis was carried out by thin layer chromatography and gastroprotective assays were performed using two experimental models: acute ulcer model induced by ethanol/HCl and acute ulcer model induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (indomethacin). Total lesion area (mm2) and relative lesion area (%) were determined. RESULTS: The results of the phytochemical analysis indicated that the bark and pulp and seeds of E. mattosii present phenolic compounds, terpenes and/or steroids. In gastric ulcer model induced by ethanol was evidenced significant reduction of damaged areas for doses of 50 and 250 mg/ kg of seeds methanol extract, while in the indomethacin-induced ulcer model, all parts of the fruit presented defense capability of the gastric mucosa by reducing lesions at doses of 50, 125 and 250 mg/kg. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that the specie E. mattosii has bioactive compounds that provide gastroprotective activity, presenting possible therapeutic potential.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: Extratos obtidos de plantas e frutos fornecem uma alternativa relativamente segura e prática para os remédios convencionais de doenças gastrointestinais. A espécie Eugenia mattosii, popularmente conhecida no Brasil como "cerejinha", pertence à família Myrtaceae. Espécies desta família apresentam propriedades farmacológicas e podem ser utilizadas no tratamento de distúrbios gastrointestinais. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o perfil fitoquímico e avaliar a atividade gastroprotetora dos frutos de Eugenia mattosii. MÉTODOS: A análise fitoquímica foi realizada por cromatografia em camada delgada e dois modelos experimentais foram utilizados para avaliação da atividade gastroprotetora em camundongos: modelo de úlcera gástrica induzida por anti-inflamatório não-esteroidal (indometacina) e modelo de úlcera gástrica induzida por etanol/HCl. RESULTADOS: Os resultados da análise fitoquímica indicaram que a casca e polpa e as sementes de E. mattosii apresentam compostos fenólicos, terpenos e/ou esteroides. No modelo de úlcera gástrica induzido pelo etanol, foi evidenciada redução significativa de áreas danificadas para doses de 50 e 250 mg/kg do extrato das sementes, enquanto no modelo de úlcera induzida por indometacina, todas as partes do fruto apresentaram capacidade de defesa da mucosa gástrica ao reduzir as lesões nas doses de 50, 125 e 250 mg/kg. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstram que a espécie E. mattosii possui compostos bioativos com atividade gastroprotetora, apresentando possível potencial terapêutico.

Flavonoids and anti-oxidant activity mediated gastroprotective action of leathery murdah, terminalia coriacea (roxb.) Wight & arn. Leaf methanolic extract in rats / A ação gastroprotetora antioxidante e flavonoide de extrato metanólico de folhas de Leathery Murdah, Terminalia coracea (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. em ratos

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Leathery Murdah, Terminalia coriacea (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. from family Combretaceae is used in Ayurveda and Siddha traditional systems of medicine to heal ulcers. OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to assess the gastroprotective effect and understand the fundamental mechanism of action of Leathery Murdah, Terminalia coriacea (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Leaf Methanolic Extract. METHODS The test extract was screened for anti-ulcer activity by Aspirin induced ulcerogenesis in pyloric ligation and ethanol induced gastric ulcers at three doses - 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, p.o. using Ranitidine 50 mg/kg and Misoprostol 100 μg/kg as standard drug in respective models. Seven parameters were carefully examined, that is, ulcer index, total protein, mucin, catalase, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase levels and histopathology. High Performance Liquid Chromatographic - Ultra Violet profiling and Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectral analysis of crude Terminalia coriacea leaves methanolic extract were carried out as a part of chemical characterization to identify bioactive compounds. RESULTS All the test doses exhibited significant gastroprotective function, particularly the higher doses demonstrated improved action. The results revealed a significant increase in the levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and Mucin with reduction in ulcer index, the levels of total protein, and malondialdehyde. Histopathological observations also illustrated the gastroprotective effect of Terminalia coriacea leaves methanolic extract. CONCLUSION Terminalia coriacea leaves methanolic extract exhibited strong anti-oxidant and anti-secretory activities mediated gastroprotection besides inducing the gastric mucosal production. The observed pharmacological response can be attributed to the flavonoidal compounds namely - Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, Luteolin-7-O-glucoside, Myricetin hexoside, Quercetin-3-O-glucoside, Isorhamnetin-3-O-rhamnosylglucoside and Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside identified in the extract for the first time with High Performance Liquid Chromatographic - Ultra Violet and Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectral analysis.

RESUMO CONTEXTO Leathery Murdah, Terminalia coriacea (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. da família Combretaceae é usada nos tradicionais sistemas da medicina Ayurveda e Siddha para cicatrização de úlceras. OBJETIVOS O presente estudo foi realizado para avaliar o efeito gastroprotetor e para esclarecer o mecanismo fundamental da ação do extrato metanólico de folhas de Leathery Murdah, Terminalia coracea (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. MÉTODOS O extrato teste foi testado para ação antiulcerogênica induzida pela Aspirina através da ligação pilórica e úlceras gástricas induzidas por etanol em três doses - 125, 250 e 500 mg/kg, via oral, utilizando-se Ranitidina 50 mg/kg e Misoprostol 100 μg/kg como drogas padrão nos respectivos modelos. Sete parâmetros foram cuidadosamente analisados tais como índice ulcerogênico, níveis de proteínas totais, de mucina, de catalase, de malondialdeído e de superoxido dismutase, além da histopatologia. A análise do perfil espectroscópico pela Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência - Ultravioleta e análise crua pela Cromatografia Líquida - Espectrometria de Massas foram realizadas como parte da caracterização química para identificar os componentes bioativos. RESULTADOS Todas as doses utilizadas exibiram função gastroprotetora, em particular as doses mais elevadas. Os testes revelaram aumentos significantes de catalase, superóxido dismutase e mucina, com diminuição do índice ulcerogênico, dos níveis de proteínas totais, e de malondialdeído. As observações histopatológicas também ilustraram o efeito gastroprotetor do extrato metanólico de folhas de Terminalia coracea. CONCLUSÃO O extrato metanólico de folhas de Terminalia coracea mostrou forte atividade antioxidante e antissecretória além de induzir a produção de mucosa gástrica. A resposta farmacológica observada pode ser atribuída aos compostos flavonoides denominados Quercetin-3-O-rutinosideo, Luteolin-7-O-glucosideo, Myricetin hexosideo, Quercetin-3-O-glucosideo, Isorhamnetin-3-O-rhamnosylglucosideo e Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucosideo, identificados no extrato pela primeira vez pelas análises de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência - Ultravioleta e Cromatografia Líquida - Espectrometria de Massas.

Screening of wild fruit trees with gastroprotective activity in different experimental models / Triagem de plantas frutíferas silvestres com ação gastroprotetora em modelos in vivo

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Given the increase of people with gastrointestinal disorders, the search for alternative treatments with fewer side effects is vital, as well as the demand for food or plants that can help protect the stomach. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastroprotective action of the extracts of wild fruit trees of Myrcianthes pungens (guabiju); Inga vera Willd. (ingá-banana) and Marlierea tomentosa Cambess. (guarapuruna) in in vivo pharmacological models. METHODS The different parts of the fruits were separately subjected to a process of extraction by methanol. Two experimental pharmacological models were conducted in mice; the gastric ulcer model induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (indomethacin), and the gastric ulcer model induced by ethanol/HCl, which allowed us to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of the extracts at a dose of 250 mg/kg. Subsequently, the total lesion area (mm2) and relative lesion area (%) were determined. RESULTS The results showed significant gastroprotective activity against the aggressive agents used - ethanol and indomethacin - for all the extracts tested. CONCLUSION It is assumed that the fruits have bioactive compounds such as antioxidant substances that act on the prostaglandin levels, protecting them from the damage caused by ethanol and indomethacin. These results prompt further studies to isolate and identify the active properties.

RESUMO CONTEXTO Devido ao aumento de pessoas com distúrbios gastrointestinais, a busca de tratamentos alternativos com menos efeitos cola­terais é fundamental, assim como a demanda por alimentos ou plantas que possam ajudar a proteger o estômago. OBJETIVO O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ação gastroprotetora dos extratos plantas frutíferas silvestres Myrcianthes pungens (guabiju); Inga vera Willd. (ingá-banana) e Marlierea tomentosa Cambess. (guarapuruna) em modelos farmacológicos in vivo. MÉTODOS As diferentes partes do fruto foram submetidas se­paradamente a um processo de maceração em solução metanólica a frio. Foram realizados dois modelos experimentais em camundongos, modelo de úlcera gástrica induzida por anti-inflamatório não-esteroidal (indometacina) e modelo de úlcera gástrica induzida por etanol/HCl, que permitiram avaliar a atividade gastroprotetora dos extratos na dose de 250 mg/kg. Posteriormente, foram determinadas a área total de lesão (mm2) e a área relativa lesada (%). RESULTADOS Os resultados apresentaram atividade gastroprotetora significativa para todos os extratos estudados frente aos agentes agressores utilizados, etanol e indometacina. CONCLUSÃO Supõe-se que os frutos apresentam compostos bioativos, como as substancias antioxidantes, que atuam sobre os níveis de prostaglandinas, protegendo dos danos causados pelo etanol e indometacina. Os resultados encorajam futuros estudos para isolamento e identificação dos princípios ativos dos frutos.

Therapeutic effect of low molecular weight chitosan containing sepia ink on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of low molecular chitosan containing sepia ink (LMCS) in ethanol-induced (5 ml/kg) gastric ulcer in rats. METHODS: Animals were divided into four groups (n = 12): normal group (Normal), negative control group (Con), experiment group (LMCS) and positive control Omeprazole group (OMZ). Gastric empty rate was detected in the first 7 days. Rats were sacrificed at 7, 14 and 21 day for histology and ELISA detections. RESULTS: Gastric empty was no significant differences among the groups (P > 0.05). Histological observation showed gastric mucosal LMCS treated had better healing effect. Hydroxyproline (Hyp) was significantly increased from 7 day (P < 0.05). LMCS significantly inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) generation for lipid peroxidation from 7 day (P < 0.05). LMCS significantly promoted the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) at the earlier stage (P < 0.05). OMZ had the similar effects above. As for myeloperoxidase (MPO), LMCS significantly decreased and restored it to normal levels from 7 day (P < 0.05), it is earlier than OMZ which is from 14 day. CONCLUSION: LMCS can improve gastric mucosa tissue repair, exert significant influences on oxidative and antioxidant enzyme activities and neutrophil infiltration.

ADMINISTRATION OF H2 BLOCKERS IN NSAID INDUCED GASTROPATHY IN RATS: effect on histopathological changes in gastric, hepatic and renal tissues

ABSTRACT Background Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induces gastric mucosal lesions because of its acidic properties. Ranitidine, an H2 receptor antagonist, has proved beneficial in patients with gastric ulcers. Objective The present study was performed to assess the effect of administering ranitidine in Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (diclofenac, nimesulide) induced gastropathy, and their effect on the histopathology of stomach, kidney and liver. Methods Diclofenac, nimesulide, and ranitidine were administered in doses of 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg, p.o. once daily for 14 days, and their effect on gastric volume, acidity, mean ulcer number, and gastric pH. In addition, histopathological examination was also performed on sections of stomach, kidney and liver. Results Following the administration of diclofenac or nimesulide, all the gastric parameters were significantly altered as well as the histopathology of stomach, liver and kidney. In the control group, the renal sections showed normal glomeruli with no thickening of glomerular basement membrane, while in diclofenac alone, nimesulide alone, and ranitidine with nimesulide groups, the thickening of glomerular basement membrane was observed. These alterations were observed to be reversed in the ranitidine with diclofenac group. In the sections from the liver, the control group showed anastomosing plates and cords of cuboidal hepatocytes with round well stained nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. In the ranitidine with diclofenac, and ranitidine with nimesulide groups, mild dilatation of sinusoids is seen coupled with prominence of central vein. In the diclofenac alone and nimesulide alone groups, the proximal and distal convoluted tubules show mild focal tubular necrosis. In the gastric sections, the control group showed several folds forming villi, and the epithelial lining surface of the mucosa. In the ranitidine with diclofenac, and ranitidine with nimesulide groups, the duodenum showed scattered inflammatory cells composed predominantly of lymphocytes. In diclofenac alone and nimesulide alone group, the sections from the gastric areas showed partial necrosis and mild chronic inflammation respectively. Conclusion The study, therefore, has provided therapeutic rationale towards simultaneous administration of H2 receptor blocker ranitidine with diclofenac to be more beneficial as compared to ranitidine with nimesulide, to minimise the gastric intolerance of diclofenac in long term treatment of inflammatory conditions.

RESUMO Contexto Anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais induzem lesões da mucosa gástrica devido às suas propriedades ácidas. Ranitidina, um antagonista dos receptores H2, revelou-se benéfico em pacientes com úlceras gástricas. Objetivo - O presente estudo foi realizado para avaliar o efeito da administração de ranitidina em gastropatia induzida por anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (diclofenaco, nimesulida) e seu efeito sobre a histopatologia do estômago, dos rins e fígado. Métodos Diclofenaco, nimesulida e ranitidina foram administradas em doses de 2, 4 e 6 mg/kg, p.o. uma vez diariamente por 14 dias e seu efeito sobre o volume gástrico, acidez, significam o número de úlcera e o pH gástrico. Além disso, o exame histopatológico também foi realizado em seções do estômago, dos rins e fígado. Resultados Após a administração de diclofenaco ou nimesulida, todos os parâmetros gástricos foram significativamente alterados assim como a histopatologia do estômago, fígado e rim. No grupo controle, as seções renais mostraram glomérulos normais sem espessamento da membrana basal glomerular, enquanto em diclofenaco isolado, nimesulida isolado e grupos com ranitidina e nimesulida, foi observado espessamento da membrana basal glomerular. Estas alterações observou-se serem revertidas no grupo ranitidina com diclofenaco. As seções do fígado, o grupo controle mostrou placas e cordões de hepatócitos cuboidais anastomosados com núcleos bem demarcados e citoplasma abundante. Nos grupos ranitidina com diclofenaco e ranitidina com nimesulida, leve dilatação dos sinusoides é vista acoplados com proeminência de veia central. Nos grupos diclofenaco e nimesulida sozinhos, túbulos proximais e distais contorcidos mostram necrose tubular focal leve. Nas secções gástricas, o grupo controle mostrou várias dobras formando vilosidades e a superfície do revestimento epitelial da mucosa. Nos grupos ranitidina com diclofenaco e ranitidina com nimesulida, o duodeno mostrou dispersas células inflamatórias predominantemente compostas por linfócitos. Nos grupos diclofenaco e nimesulida sozinhos, as secções de áreas gástricas mostraram necrose parcial e inflamação crônica moderada respectivamente. Conclusão - O estudo, portanto, forneceu o fundamento terapêutico para administração simultânea de bloqueador de receptor H2 (ranitidina) com diclofenaco, sendo mais benéfica em comparação com ranitidina com nimesulida para minimizar a intolerância gástrica de diclofenaco no tratamento a longo prazo de condições inflamatórias.

Efecto del Capsicum annum L (pucunucho, ají mono) en úlcera gástrica experimental inducida en ratas / Effect of Capsicum annum L (pucunucho, ají mono) in gastric ulcer experimentally induced in rats

Evaluar el efecto del extracto liofilizado del fruto de Capsicum annum L en úlcera gástrica experimental inducida en ratas. Materiales y métodos: Empleamos el modelo de úlcera gástrica inducida por indometacina y el modelo de úlcera gástrica inducida por ligadura del píloro en ratas separadas en 5 grupos de tratamiento: G1: agua destilada 1 ml/Kg; G2: Ranitidina 50 mg/kg, G3: Capsicum 10 mg/kg, G4: Capsicum 100 mg/kg, G5: Capsicum 1000 mg/kg. Resultados: Los resultados del primer modelo muestran que a las dosis de 10 mg/Kg y 100 mg/Kg se obtuvo un porcentaje de inhibición de la lesión ulcerosa de 60,4% y 66,7% respectivamente; mientras que en el segundo modelo, el extracto no modificó el volumen gástrico ni en el pH gástrico (p >0,05); sin embargo a las dosis de 100 y 1000 mg/Kg la lesión ulcerosa se inhibió en 75,59% y 81,63% respectivamente; siendo además la inhibición mayor que con ranitidina (75,51%). Conclusiones: En conclusión demostramos que el extracto liofilizado del fruto de Capsicum annum L presenta efecto gastroprotector en úlcera gástrica experimental inducida en ratas...

To examine the effects of the Capsicum annum L lyophilized fruit extract in experimentally-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Materials and methods: We used the model of indomethacin gastric ulcer-induced and the gastric ulcer model induced by pylorus ligation in rats. The rats were divided in five treatment groups as follow: G1: Distilled water 1 ml/Kg; G2: Ranitidine 50 mg/kg, G3: Capsicum 10mg/kg, G4: Capsicum 100 mg/kg, G5: Capsicum 1000 mg/kg. Results: The results of the first model showed an ulcer inhibition of 60,4% and 66,7% using the doses of Capsicum at 10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively. The results of the second model showed that neither the pH nor the volume of the gastric content were modified by the administered extract (p >0.05); however, by using the doses of Capsicum at 100 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, there was clearly an ulcer inhibition of 75.59% and 81.63% respectively, which were even greater than the inhibition obtained by ranitidine (75.51%). Conclusions: Therefore, in this experiment we demonstrated that the Capsicum annum L lyophilized fruit extract has a gastroprotective effect in experimentally-induced gastric ulcer in rats...

Medicina antienvelhecimento: notas sobre uma controvérsia sociotécnica / Anti-aging medicine: notes on a socio-technical controversy

Após algumas décadas de batalha, a geriatria e a gerontologia se tornaram as legítimas ciências do envelhecimento. Hoje surge uma contestação a tal condição. Em sua breve história, a medicina antienvelhecimento se afirmou como prática médica que questiona o modo de se endereçar o envelhecimento biológico. Com isso, toda a medicina é questionada. Aqui, exploramos especialmente como essa controvérsia se estrutura em torno dos fundamentos das ciências do envelhecimento. Há bases para esses questionamentos? Como eles foram tratados por aqueles que os receberam? Tendo em vista uma perspectiva sociotécnica, é interessante pensar que, para geriatras e gerontólogos, a necessária crítica à medicina antienvelhecimento também traz uma importante reflexão sobre o modo como as ciências do envelhecimento vêm tratando seu objeto.

After some decades of struggle, geriatrics and gerontology have become the legitimate sciences of aging. Today, their status is being questioned. In its short history, anti-aging medicine has taken root as a medical practice that questions how to address biological aging. In so doing, all medicine is questioned. Here, we explore in particular how this controversy is structured around the founding principles of the sciences of aging. Is there any basis for these questionings? How have they been treated by those who have received them? Taking a socio-technical viewpoint, it is worth considering that for geriatricians and gerontologists, the need to criticize anti-aging medicine also raises some important reflections about how the sciences of aging address their subject.

Effect of a Denture Adhesive on the Satisfaction and Kinesiographic Parameters of Complete Denture Wearers: A Cross-Over Randomized Clinical Trial

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a denture adhesive (DA) on patient satisfaction and kinesiographic parameters of complete denture wearers by a cross-over study. Fifty edentulous patients received a set of new complete dentures. After an adaptation period, the participants were enrolled in the trial and randomized to receive a sequence of treatment protocols: Protocol 1- DA use during the first 15 days, followed by no DA for the next 15 days; Protocol 2- no DA during the first 15 days, followed by use of DA for the next 15 days. Outcomes were assessed after 15 days of each sequence of treatment. A questionnaire was used to assess the patients´ satisfaction. A kinesiograph was used to record mandible movements and patterns of maxillary complete denture movement during chewing. The Wilcoxon test (α=0.05) and a paired sample t-test (α=0.05) were used to compare satisfaction levels and kinesiographic data, respectively. Use of DA improved the overall level of patient satisfaction (p<0.001). The kinesiographic recordings revealed a significant increase (1.7 mm) in vertical mandible movements (p<0.001) during chewing and a lower (0.3 mm) vertical intrusion of the maxillary complete dentures (p=0.002) during chewing after using the DA. Use of DA in complete denture wearers improved the patients´ satisfaction and altered mandible movements, with increases in vertical movements during chewing and less intrusion of maxillary complete dentures.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da utilização de um adesivo para prótese na satisfação e nos parâmetros cinesiográficos em usuários de próteses totais por meio de um estudo "cross-over". Cinquenta pacientes desdentados receberam novas próteses totais bimaxilares. Após um período de adaptação, os participantes incluídos no estudo receberam uma sequência de tratamento: Protocolo 1- utilização do adesivo para prótese durante os primeiros 15 dias, seguida por não utilização do adesivo os próximos 15 dias; Protocolo 2- não utilização do adesivo durante os primeiros 15 dias; seguida por utilização do adesivo nos próximos 15 dias. Os resultados foram avaliados após 15 dias de cada sequência de tratamento. Um questionário para avaliar a satisfação dos pacientes e um cinesiógrafo para registrar os movimentos mandibulares e o padrão de movimento da prótese total maxilar durante mastigação foram utilizados. O teste de "Wilcoxon" (α=0,05) e o "t-test" de Student para amostras pareadas (α=0,05) foram utilizados para comparar o grau de satisfação dos pacientes e os dados cinesiográficos, respectivamente. O adesivo para prótese melhorou significativamente a satisfação geral dos participantes (p<0,001). Os registros cinesiográficos mostraram um aumento significativo (1,7 mm) no movimento mandibular vertical (p<0,001) e uma menor intrusão (0,3 mm) da prótese total superior (p=0,002) durante a mastigação após o uso de adesivo. O uso de adesivo para prótese melhorou a satisfação dos usuários de próteses totais e gerou um aumento no movimento mandibular vertical e uma menor intrusão da prótese total maxilar durante a mastigação.

Gastroprotective Effect of Cochinchina momordica Seed Extract in Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Acute Gastric Damage in a Rat Model

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The major compounds of Cochinchina momordica seed extract (SK-MS10) include momordica saponins. We report that the gastroprotective effect of SK-MS10 in an ethanol-induced gastric damage rat model is mediated by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines and downregulating cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and the activation of calcitonin gene-related peptide. In this study, we evaluated the gastroprotective effects of SK-MS10 in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastric damage rat model. METHODS: The pretreatment effect of SK-MS10 was evaluated in the NSAID-induced gastric damage rat model using aspirin, indomethacin, and diclofenac in 7-week-old rats. Gastric damage was evaluated based on the gross ulcer index by gastroenterologists, and the damage area (%) was measured using the MetaMorph 7.0 video image analysis system. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting was used to analyze the levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2, cPLA2, and 5-LOX. RESULTS: All NSAIDs induced gastric damage based on the gross ulcer index and damage area (p<0.05). Gastric damage was significantly attenuated by SK-MS10 pretreatment compared with NSAID treatment alone (p<0.05). The SK-MS10 pretreatment group exhibited lower MPO levels than the diclofenac group. The expression of cPLA2 and 5-LOX was decreased by SK-MS10 pretreatment in each of the three NSAID treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: SK-MS10 exhibited a gastroprotective effect against NSAID-induced acute gastric damage in rats. However, its protective mechanism may be different across the three types of NSAID-induced gastric damage models in rats.

Preventive Efficacy and Safety of Rebamipide in Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Mucosal Toxicity

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The use of proton pump inhibitors or misoprostol is known to prevent the gastrointestinal complications of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Rebamipide is known to increase the mucosal generation of prostaglandins and to eliminate free oxygen radicals, thus enhancing the protective function of the gastric mucosa. However, it is unknown whether rebamipide plays a role in preventing NSAID-induced gastropathy. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of rebamipide compared to misoprostol in preventing NSAID-induced gastrointestinal complications in patients requiring continuous NSAID treatment. METHODS: We studied 479 patients who required continuous NSAID treatment. The patients were randomly assigned to groups that received 100 mg of rebamipide three times per day or 200 microg of misoprostol three times per day for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint of the analysis was the occurrence rate of gastric ulcers, as determined by endoscopy after 12 weeks of therapy. RESULTS: Of the 479 patients in the study, 242 received rebamipide, and 237 received misoprostol. Ultimately, 44 patients (18.6%) withdrew from the misoprostol group and 25 patients (10.3%) withdrew from the rebamipide group. There was a significant difference in withdrawal rate between the two groups (p=0.0103). The per protocol analysis set was not valid because of the dropout rate of the misoprostol group; thus, the intention to treat (ITT) analysis set is the main set for the efficacy analysis in this study. After 12 weeks, the occurrence rate of gastric ulcers was similar in the rebamipide and misoprostol groups (20.3% vs 21.9%, p=0.6497) according to ITT analysis. In addition, the therapeutic failure rate was similar in the rebamipide and misoprostol groups (13.6% vs 13.1%, p=0.8580). The total severity score of the gastrointestinal symptoms was significantly lower in the rebamipide group than in the misoprostol group (p=0.0002). The amount of antacid used was significantly lower in the rebamipide group than in the misoprostol group (p=0.0258). CONCLUSIONS: Rebamipide can prevent gastric ulcers when used with NSAIDs and can decrease the gastrointestinal symptoms associated with NSAID administration. When the possibility of poor compliance and the potential adverse effects of misoprostol are considered, rebamipide appears to be a clinically effective and safe alternative.

Gastroprotective Activity of Methanol Leaves Extract of Barleria prionitis Linn. on Ethanol and Indomethacin Induced Ulcer in Rats.

Aims: Barleria prionitis L. (Family Acanthaceae) is a medicinal plant found road side in India and whole plant or its various parts like leaves, root, bark, stem and flowers are used traditionally for various treatments like toothache, inflammation, boils, glandular swellings and ulcer. Leaf juice is useful in gastric ulcer. Here, we attempt to prove the use of this plant as gastroprotective agent. Study Design: This study was conducted to evaluate the antiulcer activity of methanol extract obtained from the leaves of Barleria prionitis Linn. Place and Duration of Study: The experiments were conducted at Pharmacology lab of Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University during the period of July 2012 to December 2012. Material and Methods: Antiulcer activity was performed using the protocols of ulcer induced by ethanol and indomethacin at two different doses (250 and 500mg/kg). Parameters like volume of gastric juice, pH, free acidity, total acidity, aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) were also determined in ethanol induced ulcer model. Results: The reduction in ulcer index in Barleria prionitis treated animals was found to be statistically significant (P=.05), when compared with control groups in both the models. Significant changes were observed in total acidity only at dose 500mg/kg only and changes were significant in AST, ALT levels at both the doses. Other parameters showed non-significant results. Conclusion: The results of the present study show that the methanolic extract of Barleria prionitis L. possess antiulcer activity. This work supports the traditional use of this plant in treating gastric ulcer.

protective effect of vanadium sulphate on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer

To evaluate the protective effect of vanadium sulphate on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats and its mechanism of action. Department of Anatomy, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia. Experimental animals study. Except for the control group [group one], gastric ulcer was induced in five groups of rats [two to six], each consists of six. Ethanol was fed into rats which were pre-treated with distilled water, cimetidine, vanadium, selenium and a combination of vanadium and selenium [group two to six respectively]. The ulcer indices were determined in all these groups. Following macroscopic observations, specimens of the stomachs were taken and processed for histologic examination. Stomachs were then homogenized separately for each group and the supernatants were assayed for the activities of superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], levels of reduced glutathione [GSH] and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]. Levels of these compounds from all groups were statistically analyzed for comparison. Rats pre-treated with the reference drug cimetidine showed more or less normal gastric mucosa. However, mild disruption of the surface mucosa was observed in rats receiving selenium and vanadium. Those receiving combination of selenium and vanadium showed almost normal mucosa. Furthermore, vanadium alone or in combination with selenium demonstrated a significant reduction of tissue lipid peroxidation levels, and potent ameliorative effect of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the endogenous antioxidant systems. Vanadium sulphate significantly inhibits lipid peroxidation and enhances the effects of enzymes that scavenge free radicals that are implicated in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced ulcers in rats. Selenium seems to enhance its action and exerts a synergistic effect.

Protective effects of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L., Berberis thunbergii var. atropurpurea chenault, Elaeagnus angustifolia L. and Launaea acanthodes [boiss.] O. kuntze against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats

Data suggest that V. arctostaphylos, B. thunbergii var. atropurpurea, E. angustifolia and L. acanthodes may prevent gastric ulcers induced by Non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]. To explore the ulcer-protective potential of these plants in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Saline, hydro-alcoholic extract of each plant [100, 400, 800 mg/kg] and omeprazole [30 mg/kg] were gavaged to the groups of animals for 4 consecutive days. Gastric ulcers were induced by the onetime gavage of indomethacin [30 mg/kg, p.o.]. On the fifth day, each group was pretreated with physiological saline as control, extract [100, 400 or 800 mg/kg, p.o.] or omeprazole [30 mg/kg, p.o.] 30 min before the indomethacin administration. The animals were killed 6 h after the indomethacin administration. The stomachs were removed, opened along the greater curvature and washed in physiological saline. A person unaware of the type of treatment received by the animals examined the stomachs under a 3-fold magnifier. The areas and lengths of hemorrhagic lesions induced by indomethacin were measured using a dial caliper and the sum of measurements for each animal was referred to as the ulcer index. All extracts reduced the ulcer index significantly compared to the control group [p <0.05]. These plants prevent NSAID-induced gastric ulcers in rats. The efficacy and potency of the gastro-protective effect of L. acanthodes appears to be higher than the other 3 plants

Efecto secuestrador del D-002 sobre radicales hidroxilo en mucosa gástrica / Scavenger effect of D-002 on hydroxyl radicals in the gastric mucosa

Introducción: el agente causal de la ulceración gástrica está asociado al desequilibrio entre factores agresivos y defensivos que actúan sobre la mucosa gástrica. El D-002, mezcla de seis alcoholes alifáticos primarios superiores purificada de la cera de abejas, produce efectos gastroprotectores mediados por múltiples mecanismos y reducción de la peroxidación lipídica en la mucosa gástrica. Objetivo: determinar si el D-002 es capaz de capturar el radical hidroxilo añadido in vitro o generado in vivo en ratas con úlcera gástrica inducida por indometacina. Métodos: En la experiencia in vitro el D-002 se añadió a concentraciones entre 0,9 y 1 000 mg/mL. En la experiencia in vivo las ratas se distribuyeron en seis grupos: un control negativo y cinco que recibieron indometacina: un control positivo tratado con el vehículo, tres con D-002 (5, 25, y 100 mg/kg, respectivamente, p.o.) y otro con omeprazol (20 mg/kg i.p.). Los tratamientos se administraron una hora (vehículo y D-002) o 30 min (omeprazol), respectivamente, antes de inducir las úlceras. En ambas experiencias se tomaron alícuotas de mucosa gástrica, y se determinó el daño a la 2-desoxirribosa por el radical hidroxilo. Resultados: la administración oral del D-002, no in vitro, protegió a la 2-desoxirribosa del daño oxidativo de modo marcado, significativo y dependiente de la dosis con respecto al control positivo. Conclusiones: los resultados indican que la capacidad del D-002 (25 y 100 mg/kg) administrado por vía oral para secuestrar el radical hidroxilo, generado en la mucosa gástrica por la indometacina, pudiera contribuir a sus efectos antioxidantes y gastroprotectores sobre el daño que los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos producen sobre la mucosa gástrica.

Introduction: the etiology of the gastric ulceration is associated to the imbalance between aggressive and defensive factors acting upon the gastric mucosa. D-002, a mixture of 6 higher primary alcohols purified from the beeswax, cause some multiple mechanism-mediated gastroprotective effects and decrease of lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosa. Objective: to determine whether D-002 can scavenge the in vivo added or in vivo generated hydroxyl radical in rats with indometacin-induced gastric ulcer or not. Methods: For the in vitro experiment, D-002 was added at concentrations 0.9 and 1 000 mg/mL For the in vivo experiment, the rats were randomized into 6 groups: one negative control, and five indometacin-treated groups as follows a positive excipient-treated control, three under D-002 treatment (5, 25 or 100 mg/kg, respectively, p.o.), and another group treated with Omeprazole (20 mg/kg i.p.). These lines of treatment were given 1 hour (excipient and D-002) or 30 min (Omeprazole) prior to inducing the ulcers. In both experiments, aliquots from the gastric mucosa were taken and the damage infringed to 2-deoxiribose by the hydroxyl radical was determined. Results: oral administration of D-002, rather than in vitro addition, significantly protected 2-desoxiribose from the oxidative damage depending on the dosage as compared to the positive control. Conclusions: these results indicate that the ability of the orally administered D-002 (25 and 100 mg/kg) to scavenge the hydroxyl radical endogenously generated on the gastric mucosa by indometacin could contribute to its antioxidant and gastroprotective effects against the damage that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs carry to the gastric mucosa.

Evaluation of antiulcerogenic activity of aqueous extract of Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage) on Wistar rat gastric ulceration / Avaliação da atividade antiúlcera do extrato aquoso de Brassica oleracea var. capitata (repolho) em úlceras gástricas de ratos Wistar

CONTEXT: The cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata) is an herbaceous and leafy plant which belongs to the Brassicaceae family, native to coastal southern and Western Europe. Used in cooking for its nutritional value also has known anti-inflammatory activity. OBJECTIVE We studied the antiulcerogenic activity of aqueous extract of Brassica oleracea var. capitata (AEB) in order to validate ethnobotanical claims regarding the plant use in the gastric disorders. METHOD: Acute gastric ulcers were induced in rats by the oral administration of acetylsalicylic acid. The gastroprotective potential of the AEB (0.250, 0.500 and 1.000 mg.kg-1/body weight) was compared with omeprazole (20 mg.kg-1/body weight). RESULTS: The stomach analysis indicated that treatment with AEB inhibited the gastric damage. The gastroprotective activity as evidenced by its significant inhibition in the formation of ulcers induced by chemical agent with a maximum of 99.44 percent curation (250 mg.kg-1 body weight) in acetylsalicylic acid-induced ulcers. CONCLUSIONS: The AEB demonstrated good antiulcerogenic activities which justify the inclusion of this plant in the management of gastric disorders. Further experiments are underway to determine which antiulcer mechanisms involved in gastroprotection.

CONTEXTO: O repolho (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) é uma planta de folhas herbáceas pertencente à família Brassicaceae, nativa na costa sul e oeste da Europa. Usado na culinária por seu valor nutritivo, possui conhecida atividade anti-inflamatória. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a atividade antiulcerogênica do extrato aquoso de Brassica oleracea var. capitata (AEB), a fim de validar os conhecimentos etnobotânico do uso da espécie em distúrbios gástricos. MÉTODO: Úlceras gástricas foram induzidas em ratos pela administração oral de ácido acetilsalicílico. O potencial gastroprotetor de AEB (0,250, 0,500 e 1,000 mg.kg-1/peso) foram comparados com omeprazol (20 mg.kg-1/peso). RESULTADOS: As análises dos estômagos indicaram que o tratamento com AEB inibiu a progressão da lesão gástrica. A atividade gastroprotetora foi evidenciada por sua significativa inibição da progressão da úlcera induzida por agentes químicos, com o máximo de 99,44 por cento eficácia (250 mg.kg-1/peso) frente a úlceras gástricas induzidas por ácido acetilsalicílico. CONCLUSÕES: O AEB demonstrou atividade cicatrizante de úlceras gástricas, o que justifica a inclusão da espécie em tratamentos de distúrbios gástricos. Estudos futuros estão em andamento para determinar quais os mecanismos antiulcerogêncios estão envolvidos com a gastroproteção.

Prevention of NSAID-Associated Gastroduodenal Injury in Healthy Volunteers-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study Comparing DA-9601 with Misoprostol

In addition to inhibiting cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may cause gastroduodenal injuries due to reactive oxygen species produced by recruited inflammatory cells. DA-9601 is a novel antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and cyto-protective effects. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of DA-9601 with misoprostol for preventing NSAID-associated gastroduodenal injury. In this randomized, double-blind, multicenter, noninferiority trial we compared the extents of protection of gastric and duodenal mucosae by endoscopy after 4 weeks of treatment with DA-9601 60 mg or misoprostol 200 microg three times daily, in subjects with normal baseline endoscopic findings who received an NSAID twice daily for 4 weeks. A total of 266 subjects were randomized to treatment. At week 4, the gastric protection rates with DA-9601 and misoprostol were 85.1% and 95.2%, respectively; the difference between the groups was -10.1% (var = 0.001), which was shown to indicate noninferiority of DA-9601 compared to misoprostol. Adverse events were lower in the DA-9601 group, 56.4% (95% CI, 48.0%-64.8%) than in the misoprostol group, 69.2% (95% CI, 61.3%-77.0%) (P = 0.031). DA-9601 is not inferior to misoprostol for preventing NSAID-associated gastroduodenal injury, and superior to it with respect to treatment-related side effects.

Avaliação da atividade protetora gástrica do extrato de raspa de juá / Assessment of gastric protective of rasp juá extract

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a possível atividade gastroprotetora do extrato de raspa de juá (Ziziphus joazeiro) em relação ao estresse, ao uso de indometacina e etanol; verificar a acidez (pH) gástrica por meio da ligadura pilórica (resíduo gástrico puro e com adição de água) e comparar as diferenças dos valores do pH em ambos os modelos. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 120 ratos (cinco em cada grupo), da espécie Rattus norvegicus albinus, com peso de 150 a 230 g, divididos em 24 grupos distintos, os quais receberam os seguintes tratamentos: extrato de raspa de juá: 250, 500, 1000 e 2000 mg/kg, etanol 0,5 mL; cimetidina (60 mg/kg); indometacina (20 mg/kg); água (1 mL); ligadura de piloro (água; cimetidina e extrato de raspa de juá). Os dados foram analisados pelo programa Grand Pad Prism 5 com aplicação de testes estatísticos. RESULTADOS: O extrato de raspa de juá nas doses de 250, 1000 e 2000 mg/kg sugeriu proteção gástrica no estresse. No modelo de indução de úlcera gástrica por etanol, as doses de 250 e 2000 mg/kg apresentaram proteção gástrica. No grupo do extrato de raspa de juá e indometacina as doses de 250, 1000 e 2000 mg/kg também sugeriram proteção gástrica. Em relação ao valor de pH, o resíduo gástrico, quando verificado puro, é mais ácido que pelo modelo da adição da água, significando que este modelo aumenta o pH, comprovando assim que o modelo do resíduo gástrico puro é mais indicado. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados obtidos no presente estudo mostraram que o extrato de raspa de juá apresentou provável proteção gástrica em determinadas doses.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the possible gastroprotective activity of the extract of scrapings juá (Ziziphus joazeiro) by stress, indomethacin and ethanol; check the acidity (pH) through the gastric pylorus ligation (gastric residue pure and with added water) and compare differences in pH values in both models. METHOD: A total of 120 rats (5 in each group), Rattus norvegicus albinus, weighing 150-230 g were divided into 24 distinct groups, which received the following treatments: extract scrapings juá (250, 500 mg, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg), ethanol (0.5 mL), cimetidine (60 mg/kg), indomethacin (20 mg/kg), water (1 mL); ligation of pylorus (water, cimetidine and extract scrapings juá). The data were analyzed by Grand Pad Prism 5 with application of statistical tests. RESULTS: The extract of scrapings juá at doses 250, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg suggested gastric protection in stress. In the model of gastric ulcer induced by ethanol, the dosages of 250 and 2000 mg/kg showed gastric protection. In the group of extract scrapings juá and indomethacin dosages of 250, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg also suggested gastric protection. Regarding the pH, the gastric residue, occurred when pure, is more acidic than the model of the addition of water, meaning that this model increases the pH, thus proving that the model of pure gastric residue is indicated. CONCLUSION: The data obtained in this study show that the extract of scrapings has juá likely gastric protection in certain doses.

Gastroprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Parkia platycephala Benth. leaves against acute gastric lesion models in rodents

Parkia platycephala Benth. (Leguminosae - Mimosoideae), popularly known as "visgueira", fava bean tree or "fava-de-bolota", is widely found in the Northern and Northeastern regions of Brazil. Its pods are used as cattle food supplement in the drought period. Compounds with a gastroprotective activity were obtained from the genus Parkia. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the gastroprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Parkia platycephala Benth. leaves (Pp-EtOH), as well as evaluating its possible mechanisms of action in experimental ulcer induction models. Lesions were induced by absolute ethanol, ethanol-HCl, ischemia-reperfusion and indomethacin in rodents. Pp-EtOH showed a protective effect in the lesion models (66, 48 and 52 percent, respectively), but it was not able to protect gastric mucosa against indomethacin-induced lesions. Results show a possible participation of the NO-synthase pathway in the gastroprotection and an antioxidant activity, by the increase of the catalase activity. The participation of prostaglandins and potassium channels sensitive to ATP in the gastroprotective effect of Pp-EtOH seems less likely to occur. More comprehensive studies, therefore, should be carried out to elucidate the antiulcerative effects of this promising natural product against this gastrointestinal disorder.